1. Suffering (Dukkha): Life involves suffering, dissatisfaction, and imperfection. 

2. Cause of Suffering (Samudaya): Suffering arises from craving, desire, and attachment. 

3. Cessation of Suffering (Nirodha): Suffering can end by extinguishing craving and desire. 

4. Path to Cessation (Marga): The Noble Eightfold Path provides the way to end craving and suffering.